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What “Secretory” Means in Skin Science

What “Secretory” Means in Skin Science

The word secretory comes from “secrete”, meaning to produce and release something — usually a chemical or fluid — from a cell or gland.

In biology, many cells have a secretory function: they make molecules inside the cell and then send them out into the surrounding tissue or bloodstream.

Examples:

  • Sweat glands secrete sweat.

  • Sebaceous glands secrete sebum (natural oil).

  • Immune cells secrete cytokines — chemical messengers that coordinate inflammation and repair.

So when we talk about the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), it means that senescent cells actively secrete substances — mainly inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and growth factors — into their environment.

Those secretions influence nearby cells. In small amounts, they help with healing; in excess or over time, they cause damage by:

  • Breaking down collagen and elastin

  • Triggering inflammation

  • Disrupting normal cell renewal

In short:

“Secretory” describes the cell’s ability to release chemical messages — helpful when controlled, harmful when constant.

How the Secretory Activity of Senescent Cells Fuels Oxidative Stress and Inflammageing

When senescent cells linger, they don’t just sit quietly; they secrete a constant stream of chemical messengers — the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

This cocktail includes inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes that were meant to help the body heal after injury.

In youth, the immune system clears these cells quickly once repair is complete.

With age, stress, UV damage, or a sluggish immune response, they accumulate. Their secretions begin to act like background static — small but continuous irritation that spreads through nearby tissues.

These secreted molecules generate oxidative stress — an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, lipids and proteins. In the skin, ROS break down collagen and elastin and slow new fibre formation. The result is thinner, duller, more fragile skin.

This constant, low-grade inflammation is known as inflammageing. It’s now recognised as a central mechanism of biological ageing — not just for skin but throughout the body.

Inflammageing accelerates senescence further, creating a loop:

Damage → Senescence → Inflammatory secretion → More damage.

Breaking this cycle means supporting the body’s natural clean-up systems:

  • Antioxidants neutralise ROS and reduce the secretory burden.

  • Omega-3s and SPMs resolve inflammation instead of blocking it.

  • Regular movement, quality sleep, and hydration improve immune clearance of senescent cells.

  • Professional treatments such as controlled resurfacing or low-level light therapy stimulate healthy cell turnover and mitochondrial repair.

When the skin’s environment is calmer and oxygen balance restored, senescent cells quieten, repair resumes, and youthful function lasts longer.

 

November 04, 2025

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