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The Microbiome: When Balance Breaks, Inflammation Begins

The Microbiome: When Balance Breaks, Inflammation Begins

We Know So Much More Now

A decade ago, skin and gut conditions were treated as surface issues. Today, research makes it clear: the state of the microbiome — the trillions of bacteria, fungi and viruses that live within and on us — determines how our immune system behaves.

When that ecosystem is balanced, it calms inflammation and protects the barrier. When it’s disturbed, the immune system becomes hypersensitive, and chronic inflammation takes hold.

The Science

Each person’s microbiome acts like an organ in its own right, controlling immune tolerance, metabolism, and even neurotransmitter production.

Studies in Nature Reviews Immunology (2020) and Frontiers in Microbiology (2021) show that microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) increases inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. These molecules travel through the bloodstream, heightening inflammatory signalling in the skin.

In acne, dysbiosis has been linked to excess growth of Cutibacterium acnes biofilms and a loss of protective strains. In rosacea, an overgrowth of Demodex mites and altered facial microbiota correlate with increased innate immune activation.

Gut studies show similar findings: reduced microbial diversity and lower levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species — key producers of short-chain fatty acids that regulate immune balance.

The Impact

  1. On the Gut: A weakened gut barrier (“leaky gut”) allows bacterial fragments such as lipopolysaccharides into circulation, fuelling systemic inflammation.

  2. On the Skin: Chronic inflammatory mediators impair barrier lipids, increase sensitivity, and slow wound healing.

  3. On the Mind: The microbiome influences the vagus nerve and serotonin production — meaning dysbiosis can heighten stress reactivity, which in turn worsens skin inflammation.

The pattern is circular: gut imbalance → systemic inflammation → skin flare → emotional stress → further gut imbalance. Breaking that loop is key.

Restoring Balance

The evidence supports a multi-pathway approach:

  • Diet: fibre, polyphenols, fermented foods and omega-3s feed beneficial microbes.

  • Lifestyle: regular sleep and morning light stabilise the circadian rhythm, which directly affects microbial composition.

  • Topical care: gentle cleansers and microbiome-friendly formulations prevent barrier stripping.

  • Professional care: targeted probiotics, stress reduction, and anti-inflammatory treatments realign the internal and external ecosystems.

Why It Matters

A balanced microbiome doesn’t just reduce flare-ups — it rewrites how the skin ages, repairs and responds.

Healthy microbes train the immune system to recognise “safe” from “threat,” calm inflammatory triggers, and promote clear, resilient, luminous skin.

The research finally confirms what many practitioners have sensed for years: clear skin begins with microbial harmony.

November 04, 2025

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